四捨五入をする
round関数を用いて「round(値,桁指定)」のように指定します。
桁を指定していない場合は小数点以下の四捨五入となります。
桁指定をした場合
プラスの引数での指定
「1,2,3」等プラスの引数を指定すると小数点第何位までを表示するかの指定が出来ます。
「1」を指定した場合は小数点以下1桁を残す形で、3.1415 が3.1になり
「2」を指定した場合は小数点以下2桁を残す形となり、3.14となります。
マイナスの引数での指定
上記と反対に「-1,-2,-3」とマイナスの引数で指定した場合は整数の何桁以上で四捨五入するかの指定となります。
「-1」を指定した場合は1の桁が四捨五入され1555が1560となり
「-2」を指定した場合は10の桁が四捨五入され1555が1600となります。
実際のコードと出力内容
$a = 3.1415;
echo round($a);
// >>> 3
echo round($a , 1);
// >>> 3.1
echo round($a , 2);
// >>> 3.14
$b = 1555;
echo round($b , -1);
// >>> 1560
echo round($b , -2);
// >>> 1600切り上げをする
ceil関数を使う事で小数点以下を切り上げた数値を取得出来ます。
round関数と違い桁を指定する事は出来ないので小数点にのみ有効です。
切り下げをする
floor関数を使う事で小数点以下の切り下げた数値を取得出来ます。 ceil関数同様に、桁の指定は出来ません。
整数の切り上げ、切り捨てを行いたい場合は、ceil関数やfloor関数をそのままことが使う事ができないため、一度切り捨て（上げ）したい桁数が小数点以下になるよう調整する必要があります。
$b = 1555;
echo ceil(($b / 100) * 100);
// >>> 1600
echo floor(($b / 100) * 100);
// >>> 1500
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